EFFICIENT URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT SOLUTIONS

Urban wastewater is one of the main causes of water pollution in Vietnam. With rapid urbanization, the volume of wastewater from domestic, commercial, and industrial activities is increasing, while the wastewater treatment system has not kept pace, leading to direct discharge into the environment.

According to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam generates approximately 10 million m³ of urban wastewater daily, but only 12-15% of it is treated to standard. The remainder causes severe pollution to river systems, canals, and groundwater sources.

Impacts of urban wastewater pollution:

• Environment: Pollution of water sources, degradation of aquatic ecosystems.
• Health: Increased risk of skin, digestive, and respiratory diseases.
• Economy: Increased healthcare costs, decreased value of real estate and water resources.

1. Characteristic Pollutants in Urban Wastewater

Urban wastewater is primarily generated from the domestic activities of residents, commerce, services, and partly from small-scale industrial production.

Pollutant Component	Source	Negative Impact
Organic Matter (BOD, COD)	Leftover food, domestic waste	Reduces dissolved oxygen, destroys aquatic life
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)	Sludge, soil, sand from erosion, street cleaning	Causes water turbidity, hinders photosynthesis
Nutrients (N, P)	Fertilizers, detergents, dishwashing liquid	Causes eutrophication, algal blooms
Pathogenic Microorganisms	Bacteria, viruses from human feces	Causes intestinal diseases, diarrhea, cholera, typhoid fever
Heavy Metals, Chemicals	Industrial, medical wastewater	Risk of bioaccumulation, carcinogenic
Oils, Grease, and Fats	Restaurants, food processing	Causes system blockages, reduces treatment efficiency

2. Common Urban Wastewater Treatment Technologies Today

• Aerobic – anaerobic biological treatment: Common, moderately priced, good BOD and COD removal efficiency.

• MBR Technology (Membrane Bioreactor): High efficiency, produces reusable effluent.

• SBR Technology (Sequencing Batch Reactor): Saves space, suitable for small residential areas.

• Tertiary treatment: Removes nutrients, microorganisms, improves water quality for reuse.

However, many current systems are not optimized in terms of cost, footprint, or ensuring long-term operational stability under conditions of rapid urbanization and highly variable wastewater sources.

3. Solutions from NGO – Optimizing Urban Wastewater Treatment

• Customized design, suitable for residential areas, buildings, and commercial centers.
• Optimized footprint, Automation – Saves manpower, Easy to operate
• Effluent meets QCVN 14:2025/BTNMT Grade A, suitable for discharge into receiving waters or for reuse.
• Reuse of treated water for irrigation, street washing, and system cooling.
• Reduces carbon emissions, contributing to the national goals for green growth 2030–2050.

Effectiveness Comparison: NGO’s Solution vs. Traditional Technology

Urban wastewater treatment is an urgent and important task. With advanced experience and solutions, NGO International is committed to partnering with Vietnamese cities in the journey of building a more sustainable and cleaner living environment.

Businesses interested in Urban Wastewater Treatment Solutions please contact NGO via Phone 024.7300.0890 or email office@8ngo.com for a direct consultation.

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