In the pharmaceutical industry, purified water is a widely-used raw material in pharmaceutical manufacturing and plays a decisive role for the quality and safety of each product. Therefore, in every pharmaceutical manufacturer, the water treatment system for manufacturing activities must be strictly managed, ensuring simultaneous factors: quality, stable operation.

1. Why do we have to treat water before using it to manufacture pharmaceuticals?

The water used to supply the pharmaceutical industry usually comes from:

• Underground-water
• Water from clean water supply plants in the area

Underground-water sources are often characterized by high amounts of dissolved substances, mainly manganese, calcium, and magnesium, while clean water from water supply plants is not up to the production quality assurance. Therefore, pharmaceutical enterprises are required to treat input water sources to remove impurities or microorganisms that affect the quality of pharmaceuticals.

2. Standard of water supplied for pharmaceutical production activities

Currently, purified water for pharmaceuticals activities in Vietnam is according to GMP standards. Specifically: 

3. Classification of water used in the pharmaceutical industry:

Normally, the water used in pharmaceutical industry is classified into 04 categories for different uses:

• Domestic water that is municipal tap water, used for dining area, toilets, watering plants outside the production area
• Demineralized water that has undergone soft water treatment, removed some impurities ions in water and some microorganisms, mainly used for boiler water, autoclaves for injections – eye drops, rinsing bottles for eye drops, syringes, machines ..
• Pure water that is used to prepare products that do not require sterility and are free of fever-causing substances
• Distilled water

4. What factors should a pharmaceutical manufacturer consider when investing in a water treatment system?

Currently, the technological process of water treatment for pharmaceutical manufacturing needs to ensure (03) the following factors:

• Water quality
• Easy to operate
• Saving operating costs

In addition, businesses also need to consider a number of other factors:

• Requirements for machinery and equipment: technical assurance, with clear origin
• Analysis, survey of input water before treatment for production
• Careful analysis of the use needs for each stage of pharmaceutical manufacturing, to make appropriate treatment plans
• Consider long-term economic performance, including operation, maintenance, and labour costs

5. Purified water for pharmaceuticals solution provided by NGO:

Technological advantages:

• Concentrated water from the filtration system can be reused, without oxidation risk for the RO filtration stage from oxidizing gases.
• Low-power operation
• Water meets GMP-WHO standard

6. Example of water purification process meeting GMP standard:

Water purification process meets GMP-WHO standard for reference

The treatment process consists of the following main components:

• Multi-material pretreatment system: removes sediment and suspended particles in water, and absorbs free chlorine, to prevent oxidation of free chlorine while avoiding damage to RO membrane at Post-processing step. The material can also adsorb heavy metals, small organic molecules. After this step, the turbidity in the water is controlled at SDI ≤ 5.
• 2-stage RO filter system: The reverse osmosis device has the advantages of compact structure, small area, high production volume and low energy consumption. Reverse osmosis equipment is the most important desalination equipment in this process, including safety filter, phase I pump, phase I RO system, phase II pump, phase II RO system. It also help eliminate bacteria, virus and heat source.
• Demineralization: Urban water contains sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, bicarbonate, silica and other soluble salts. These salts include anions and cations. More than 99% of ions can be removed by appropriate reverse osmosis (RO). Municipal water also contains trace metals, dissolved gases (such as CO2) and other weak ionic compounds that must be removed in industrial applications (such as boron and silica).
• The conductivity of water after the RO filtration step (the input water of the EDI demineraliser) is usually between 4 and 20 us / cm, ie the reaction rate is 50-250 kΩ.cm; and according to different application fields, the resistance of pure or deionized water is usually from 2-18.2 MΩ. Demineralization process is to remove unwanted ions through hydroxyl ion exchange or hydroxide ions.
• Cleaning chemical system: including chemical containers, dosage adjustment equipment, agitator for routine RO cleaning.
• Automatic control system

Some pictures of project:

If your business is interested in solution to purified water in pharmaceutical manufacturing, or has a demand for ion exchange materials, please contact NGO via phone number (024) 3566 8225 or email office@8ngo.com for direct consultation.

***Vui lòng đọc kỹ yêu cầu về Điều khoản sử dụng – Bản quyền trước khi sao chép hoặc trích dẫn nội dung và hình ảnh của website.

Trang web này thuộc bản quyền của Công ty TNHH Quốc tế NGO (NGO International). Bất kỳ hình thức sử dụng hoặc sao chép một phần hoặc toàn bộ nội dung dưới mọi hình thức đều bị nghiêm cấm, trừ trường hợp được sự cho phép rõ ràng bằng văn bản từ Chúng tôi.

1. Standards of water supplied for electronic manufacturing activities

Water supply for electronic manufacturing is often strictly controlled to ensure product quality. Water supply for electronic component manufacturing must be ultra-pure water (UPW), only two components that are oxygen and hydrogen.

At electronics manufacturing plants, ultrapure water for semiconductor manufacturing and ultra pure water supply to electronic manufacturers are often used in the following stages:

• Washing semiconductor components in manufacturing
• Cleaning and other operations, silicon surface oxidation, plating preparation, etc.
• Other applications in the development and manufacture of semiconductor devices, thin film devices, light-emitting diodes, imaging, printing circuits, memory devices, vacuum devices, or electrical devices

Standard for water supply applies to electronic manufacturing operations based on the size of production equipment. Specifically:

(*) Recommendation for types of water quality are applied as follows:

Type E1: This water is used to manufacture devices with width from 0.5 to 1 mm

Type E 1.1: Used to manufacture devices with a width from 0.25 to 0.35 mm

Type E1.2: Used in the manufacture devices with widths from 0.09 – 0.18 mm. This is the water used for manufacturing of the most important applications

Type E2: Used to manufacture equipment with sizes from 1 -5mm

Type E3: Used to manufacture devices larger than 5mm. This type can be used to manufacture larger components and some small components, which are not affected by small amounts of impurities.

Type E4: Often used for plating solutions and for other applications that use lower water quality

2. Water supply for electronic manufacturing activities:

Currently in Vietnam, there are two main sources of water for electronic manufacturing, namely undergroundwater or water from clean water supply plants in the area.

However, the quality of underground water is currently not guaranteed and may have possibility of pollution, containing heavy metals, microorganisms … due to domestic and production activities. Therefore, electronic manufacturers are required to treat input water.

3. Solutions to treatment of electronic water supply provided by NGO:

Technological advantages:

• Water can be extracted from different treatment points to serve each stage of use in the production line, the final treatment water is ultra-pure water and meets today’s strictest requirements for quality. 
• ịEquipment imported from reputable firms in the world has been certified for quality
• The concentrated water from the filtration system can be reused
• Low power operation, only ~ 0.06 ~ 0.12 KWH / m3.
• Can be integrated with the waste treatment system to build a ZERO-DISCHARGE solution (no discharge)
• Online control system strictly controls all the operating parameters of the system
  
• Multinational and experienced technology consultant team
• Dedicated technical support and maintenance service.

If your business is interested in solution to inlet water treatment, or has a demand for ion exchange materials, please contact NGO via phone number (024) 3566 8225 or email office@8ngo.com for direct consultation.

***Vui lòng đọc kỹ yêu cầu về Điều khoản sử dụng – Bản quyền trước khi sao chép hoặc trích dẫn nội dung và hình ảnh của website.

Trang web này thuộc bản quyền của Công ty TNHH Quốc tế NGO (NGO International). Bất kỳ hình thức sử dụng hoặc sao chép một phần hoặc toàn bộ nội dung dưới mọi hình thức đều bị nghiêm cấm, trừ trường hợp được sự cho phép rõ ràng bằng văn bản từ Chúng tôi.

1. Disadvantages of current water treatment technology

Water treatment plants in Vietnam have a fairly simple water treatment process, mainly using traditional sedimentation and filtration technology (more: http://ngoenvironment.com/vn/Tin-tuc-n37-QUY-TRINH-XU-LY-NUOC-CAP-CHO-SINH-HOAT-PHO-BIEN-TAI-CAC-NHA-MAY-NUOC-d149.html) This technology has the advantage of low investment cost, basically treating of pollutants such as turbidity, low organic matter concentration (COD <5 mg / L), metals contained in water such as Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, however this process also has many disadvantages:

• Using chemicals such as lime water, PAC, polymer or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to treat pollutants, in case the chemical is used in excess or incorrect dosing, it will generate toxins in water supply or the treatment efficiency will be low.
• The management of water quality is performed by periodic testing (monthly, quarterly) by the authorities. Many water plants have not been equipped with automatic monitoring system, which always makes it difficult to control water quality. Moreover, the water quality depends much on the operational level and management capacity of each investor. This is an unreasonable point in the water quality management policy in Vietnam. According to Decree No.40/2019 / ND-CP, coming into effect from July 1, 2019, production facilities with discharge wastewater flow from 500 m3 / day to 1000 m3 / day must install automatic monitoring systems while there has not been a similar management regulation on the water supply plants with production capacity up to hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of water per day and night.
• Traditional technology is incapable of handling complex pollutants in water supply if the water source is polluted due to unsatisfactory discharge from industrial, agricultural or salinity. For example:

(i) Heavy metals (Arsenic)

(ii) Dissolved organic matter (COD component which is smaller than 0.4µm in size)

(iii) High hardness, ≥ 300 mg / L CaCO3. Raw water contains a lot of Cations, creating hardness in 3 main types: Ca2 +, Mg2 +, HCO-3, Cl-, SO2-4. If the water has a high hardness of over 120 mg / L CaCO3, there will be a lot of sediment when boiled.

(iv) Ammonium (NH4⁺)

 (v) Nitrate (NO3^–)

2. Treatment solution with Ion-exchange Resin method designed by NGO

The ion exchange treatment method is very efficient in removing ions in wastewater, including cationic ions that create water hardness, water-soluble COD components or toxic metal pollution in water. In the fine treatment methods including RO, Electrolysis, Electro De-Ionization, ion exchange, the use of ion-exchange resin materials has the advantage of lower investment costs and simpler operation.

• WATER SOFTENING AND EFFICIENCY

• AMONI TREATMENT AND EFFICIENCY

Ion exchange materials are also commonly used in complex wastewater treatment, mainly for the removal of heavy metals from the water.

• CYANIDE TREATMENT AND EFFICIENCY

• NICKEL TREATMENT AND EFFICIENCY

3. NGO provides all ion-exchange resin used for WATER SUPPLY, SUPER PURE WATER, WASTEWATER: 

• Cation Resion 
• Anion Resin
• Macroporous adsorption Resin
• Mixed bed/ Polishing Resin

4. Why you should contact NGO when you have demand for ion exchange materials or water filtration system?

• There are many commercial units supplying ion exchange water filtration materials on the market, and there are thousands of different resins with different physical and chemical properties, different water characteristics will need different materials. However, you must assess how other components in the water source are likely to interfere with the treatment of material. Therefore, you need a unit with the capacity of experimenting, designing and know about materials like NGO to avoid ineffective investment.
• NGO directly cooperate with scientists and R&D departments in one of the largest resin factories in the world to choose the right materials for each problem that businesses face in their treatment of water supply, as well as wastewater in their factories.
• NGO supply materials to businesses directly from the Factory without going through any commercial intermediaries. With NGO, costs for businesses will always be optimized.
  

5. Ion exchange water filter tank and integrated water treatment system

If your business is interested in solution to inlet water treatment, or has a demand for ion exchange materials, please contact NGO via phone number (024) 3566 8225 or email office@8ngo.com for direct consultation.

***Vui lòng đọc kỹ yêu cầu về Điều khoản sử dụng – Bản quyền trước khi sao chép hoặc trích dẫn nội dung và hình ảnh của website.

Trang web này thuộc bản quyền của Công ty TNHH Quốc tế NGO (NGO International). Bất kỳ hình thức sử dụng hoặc sao chép một phần hoặc toàn bộ nội dung dưới mọi hình thức đều bị nghiêm cấm, trừ trường hợp được sự cho phép rõ ràng bằng văn bản từ Chúng tôi.

• • WATER TREATMENT FOR FOOD & BEVERAGE PRODUCTION MEETING MOH STANDARDS
  • PURE WATER PRODUCTION MEETING WHO/ EU/ FDA STANDARDS
  • LOW WATER DISCHARGE RATE, SAVING COSTS AND MINIMIZING EFFLUENT.

Food and beverage production activities typically do not require water sources with extremely low electrical conductivity like electronic component or pharmaceutical manufacturing. The required conductivity depends on the specifics of each product. Common water standards for food production are equivalent to QCVN 01:2009/BYT or higher.

I. Water quality standards for food and beverage production

Instead of using fixed designs for mass production to cut costs at the expense of quality, we thoroughly assess and review input raw water quality, quality standards required by each factory, and requirements for continuous operation capabilities or self-troubleshooting to design suitable systems for each client. 

II. Comprehensive water treatment solutions for the food and beverage industry

1. Basic pre-treatment in the food and beverage water treatment process

– Removal of most suspended, insoluble solids, helping water achieve necessary clarity

– Adsorption of color, odor, and organic pollutants in water

– Treatment of residual Chlorine in feed water from municipal water supply plants

– Removal of all hardness-causing ions in water, as municipal feed water in Vietnam has very high hardness standards (~ 300 mg/L CaCO3), and most plants currently still supply hard water for domestic use; or factories directly use well water for their production activities.

2. Further treatment of specific pollutants based on each water source

Most water treatment systems at water supply plants in Vietnam lack technological components to treat special pollutants in water sources, such as: Nitrate, Ammonium, heavy metals, high-level organic pollution, to ensure all parameters strictly meet drinking water standards.

Therefore, if the enterprise’s water source is contaminated with these components, constructing the water treatment system requires attention to adding corresponding technological components.

3. Pure water production using RO reverse osmosis system

Some beverage industries such as dairy and beer have higher requirements for the safety and quality of water used in the production process; therefore, many factories will need to equip pure water production systems using **RO reverse osmosis** technology, and typically only 1 RO stage is sufficient.

The function of the RO system is to remove all bacteria, viruses, and water conductivity. After **RO**, all molecules and metal ions with size > 0.001 µm will be removed. However, there is still a risk of bacterial re-contamination in the pipelines or at the point of use.

4. Enhanced sterilization

Disinfection and elimination of bacteria and microbial risks remaining in pipelines using ultraviolet light before use, ensuring 100% pure output water

Pipeline design ensuring high standards to thoroughly eliminate microorganisms not only at the pure filtration system but also at points of use

5. Quality warning & monitoring system

Standards for equipment, pipelines, tools, and installation measures for the water treatment system need to be equivalent to the standards applied by the factory, such as Vietnamese standards or European standards. 

Controlling the operation of the pure water production system helps keep quality stable and ensures recommended production standards. Depending on needs, monitoring parameters can be selected, such as quality risk warnings, flow risk warnings, pressure, TOC, conductivity…, as well as the level of automation.

Control is implemented for each device, equipment cluster, and the entire system. Self-washing and self-cleaning modes are activated when warning limits are established.

III. Guide on evaluating & selecting a Pure Water Production System

Do not listen to advertisements; instead, ask specific questions to ensure you are investing in a good system:

• Are design limits clearly stated? No system can handle every input fluctuation without specific calculation limits.
• Is treatment efficiency provided for each treatment step or equipment cluster? No output quality is guaranteed without clarifying the treatment efficiency of each step.
• Are there response protocols for various real-world situations, including incidents?
• Is the system excessively cut back to lower the price, including designing at maximum limits causing equipment lifespan to decline rapidly over time? Are you trading low investment costs for high operating costs?
• Is the system convenient for warranty, maintenance, or periodic replacement?

IV. Frequently Asked Questions

See more :

https://ngoenvironment.com/en/solution.html

h

1. Overview of cooling system

A device or system including many devices is used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and releasing it to the atmosphere. Currently, the cooling tower is applied to many different industries such as:

• Electro-Refrigeration industry: Produce air conditioners, ice making,…
• Seafood processing industry
• Plastic industry: support plastic injection molding or plastic packaging.
• Pharmaceutical industry: preserving medicines at the right temperature.
• Metallurgical industry: cooling products from steel, aluminum …
• Electrical cable industry
• Some other industries: electrical cables, alcohol production, wastewater treatment …

1.1 Some popular cooling systems:

• One-through system: The water used for this type of cooling tower is usually from abundant and cheap sources such as rivers, streams and low input water temperatures. Input water is often treated to prevent scale and microorganisms
  

• Open recirculating system: This is perhaps the most popular cooling system in the industry. In accordance with this method, circulating water is lost due to evaporation and compensated continuously with an equivalent volume, therefore water quality constantly changes. In addition, due to the air flow through the tower, oxygen in the water is easily absorbed and have dusts. 

• Closed circulating system: In this system, there is only little or no loss of water (it means water volume in the pipe never fluctuates). Inlet water (if any, there will be only a very small volume) to maintain the system to be full all the time. In addition, in this system, water always has pressure, so scale air can be removed through automatic ventilator

1.2 Important parameters of cooling water:

Important parameters of cooling water are: conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, pH, alkaline and saturation index.

• Total conductivity and total dissolved solids (TDS): Conductivity is a measure of the conductivity of water and is correlated with the amount of dissolved solids (TDS) in water. Pure distilled water has very low conductivity (low mineral) and sea water will have high conductivity (high mineral). The presence of solids dissolve in water makes it easy to form insoluble mineral precipitates on the surface of heat transfer, often referred to as “scale”. Scale tries to stick to the surface, starts to impact the pipe system and affects heat transfer and water pressure.
• Main purpose of almost circulating water system is minimization of scale formation. Conductivity can be considered as controlling value when TDS/conductivity is determined.
• PH is a measure of acidity / basic of water. Measurement range 0-14, with 7 being neutral. Controlling pH is very important for almost cooling water treatment programs. In general, when the pH indicates acid environment, corrosion will increase and when the pH indicates an alkaline environment, scale formation capacity increases.
• Hardness: The amount of calcium and magnesium dissolved in water determines its “hardness”. Total hardness is divided into two types: carbonate hardness or temporary hardness and non-carbonate hardness or permanent hardness. Hardness, especially temporary hardness is the most common and is responsible for the sedimentation of calcium carbonate scale in the pipes and equipments.
  
• Saturation index: Water saturation index or Langlier Saturation index (LSI) is a measure of the stability of water involved in scale formation. When LSI is positive, water tends to form scale, and when LSI is negative, water tends to erode. LSI from 0 to 1.0 is considered stable.
• Because condenser has high temperature 40-42 °C, Ca++ and Mg++ ions in hard water easily form hardened carbonate on the surface of heat exchanger, reduce the heat transfer coefficient, increase resistance force on pipes, which leading to reduce cooling system efficiency. At the cooling tower, warm water creates an conducive environment for the development of seaweed, algae, and toxins that contaminate and reduce the capacity of the cooling system.

2. Purpose of water treatment for cooling tower

2.1 Purpose of water treatment for cooling tower

• Remove coarse trash which can clog cooling system such as vegetation, trash…
• Remove suspended solids in water to prevent the form of scale which can adversely affect heat transfer efficiency and can cause corrosion. In addition, accumulation of much scale can clog the cooling system.
• To remove excess carbon dioxide, remove the metals presenting in water such as iron, manganese.
• Inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the surface of the heat exchanger
• Eliminate the corrosion ability of the cooling tower due to dissolved oxygen in water, dissolved salts, alkalis or microorganisms.

2.2 Current solution method applied for cooling system:

In order to treat input water for the cooling system, avoid the risk of clogging pipes and devices due to scale and algae, there are some treatment solutions as follows:

• Treat input water by water softening, alkali removal, ions exchange to remove minerals causing scale in feed-water;
• Reduce PH: Scale forming capacity shall reduce in acid environment, which means pH concentration low;
• Use Chemical – put the inhibitor of scale into circulating water;
• Control the concentration process – It means to limit the concentration of the mineral that causes scale. This is done by bottom discharge, periodically or continuously. It means deliberately rinsing out part of the water to prevent minerals from conglomerating;
• Physical treatment method – filtration, rust removal.

2.3 Water treatment by NGO-filtration equipment

In each solution, NGO always makes an effort NOT TO USE chemicals to avoid secondary pollution as well as minimize the operation cost for customers. The solution provided by NGO is highly accurate, ranging from raw filtration to refining, water re-use for producing high-quality products, water softening, anti-rust, corrosion or micro-organism removal by electrolytic method. This solution also effectively applied for water treatment of central air conditioning system and boiler system.

If your business is interested in solution to inlet water treatment, or has a demand for ion exchange materials, please contact NGO via phone number (024) 3566 8225 or email office@8ngo.com for direct consultation. 

***Vui lòng đọc kỹ yêu cầu về Điều khoản sử dụng – Bản quyền trước khi sao chép hoặc trích dẫn nội dung và hình ảnh của website.

Trang web này thuộc bản quyền của Công ty TNHH Quốc tế NGO (NGO International). Bất kỳ hình thức sử dụng hoặc sao chép một phần hoặc toàn bộ nội dung dưới mọi hình thức đều bị nghiêm cấm, trừ trường hợp được sự cho phép rõ ràng bằng văn bản từ Chúng tôi.